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Explain about Anatomical Pathology .... ? " munipalli akshay paul "
Anatomical Pathology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis of disease based on the examination of organs, tissues, and cells. It plays a crucial role in identifying the nature and cause of diseases, especially cancer and other tissue-related abnormalities.
Key Aspects of Anatomical Pathology
1. Scope
Anatomical pathology deals with:
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Surgical specimens (e.g. biopsies or removed organs)
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Cytological samples (e.g. Pap smears, fine needle aspirations)
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Autopsies (examination of bodies after death to determine the cause of death)
2. Main Subdivisions
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Histopathology: Study of diseased tissue using microscopes.
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Cytopathology: Study of individual cells for signs of disease.
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Forensic Pathology: Determining cause of death in medico-legal cases.
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Molecular Pathology: Involves analyzing DNA/RNA/proteins in tissues.
The Process
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Specimen Collection: Tissue or fluid is collected through biopsy, surgery, or autopsy.
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Fixation & Processing: Preserved and processed into thin slices.
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Staining: Usually with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to highlight structures.
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Microscopic Examination: A pathologist studies the stained slides.
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Diagnosis & Report: Findings are documented and sent to the treating physician.
Role in Healthcare
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Diagnosing diseases (especially cancers)
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Guiding treatment (e.g., determining if margins are clear in surgery)
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Monitoring progress or recurrence
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Research and medical education
Professionals Involved
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Anatomical Pathologists: Medical doctors trained in pathology.
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Histotechnologists/Technicians: Prepare the slides.
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Cytotechnologists: Specialize in analyzing cells.
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